Monarchs & Courts

Louis XIV

King of France known as Louis XIV or the Sun King; lived 1638–1715, ruled 1643–1715.

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Catherine the Great

Empress of Russia; lived 1729–1796, reigned 1762–1796.

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Peter the Great

Tsar and first emperor of Russia; lived 1672–1725, ruled from 1682.

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Mary, Queen of Scots

Queen of Scotland and briefly Queen of France; lived 1542–1587.

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Queen Victoria

Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India; lived 1819–1901, reigned 1837–1901.

Charles II

King of England, Scotland and Ireland after the Restoration; lived 1630–1685, ruled 1660–1685.

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Suleiman the Magnificent

Ottoman sultan known as Suleiman the Magnificent or the Lawgiver; lived 1494–1566, ruled 1520–1566.

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Mehmed II

Ottoman sultan known as Mehmed the Conqueror; lived 1432–1481, ruled 1444–1446 and 1451–1481.

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Vlad the Impaler

Vlad III Dracula, voivode of Wallachia; lived 1431–1477, ruled at intervals in the 15th century.

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Hürrem Sultan

Haseki Sultan and wife of Suleiman the Magnificent; lived c. 1502–1558.

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